Three main points Hall raises about ideology:According to Hall, S. (1990)
- Ideologies do not consist of isolated and separate concepts, but in the articulation of different elements into a distinctive set or chain of meanings.
- ideological statements are made by individuals: but ideologies are not the product of individual consciousness or intention. Rather, we formulate our intentions within ideologies. the transformation of ideologies is thus a collective process and practice, not an individual one.
- Ideologies work by constructing for their subjects positions of identification and knowledge which allow them to utter ideological truths as if they were their authentic authors. Thus, the same “subject” can be differently constructed in different ideologies.
According to Shaheen, J. G. (2003) arabs are showed in a distorted image in Hollywood films, for example; he mentions arabs are presented as carries of primitivism threatening to endanger our modern cozy world with their strange habits and desires. But because of Hollywood’s tightened cultural awareness, they know better than to racially discriminated against a certain group. The relation is more of a cause and effect, for example, powerful colleges of hurtful images serve to deepen suspicious and hatred.
Media and People 